Health inequality and genetic representation of African descent in Mexico

Abstract

In Mexico, health inequality particularly affects populations of African descent, despite the fact that they represent only about 1.7% of the population. Although 93% of the country's population is mestizo, the genetic contribution of African descent has historically been ignored, which is reflected in the underrepresentation of these groups in genetic databases such as GenBank. This lack of data limits advances in personalized medicine and perpetuates the exclusion of these groups from scientific research, hindering the creation of inclusive public health policies. Furthermore, the lack of identification of Afro-descendant haplogroups in genetic studies, which focus mainly on mitochondrial DNA (inherited through the maternal line), reflects a methodological bias that favors other populations. It is essential to integrate people of African descent into genetic research and public health to ensure equitable access to treatment and improve their well-being.